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基础冲刷导致的铁路桥梁灾害频发，已经成为威胁涉水铁路桥梁结构安全的重要原因。为确保铁路桥梁的安全运营，桥梁基础冲刷的实时监测与结构安全评估显得尤为重要。本文总结了基础冲刷监测技术与安全评估方法在铁路桥梁结构安全领域的应用现状与发展趋势，重点聚焦于动力特性量测技术在桥梁安全监测与安全评估中的应用与创新，系统分析了相关技术的核心概念、关键方法、主要特征；并在此基础上提出一种基于动力特性分析的桥梁安全监测方案，在西南山区某无砟轨道高速铁路简支梁桥项目中进行为期30 d的连续监测。实施结果表明，监测到的桥梁响应在承台处具有明显的变化，且在顺列车与水流方向分别达到峰值0.0939 m/s2和0.1202 m/s2，监测数据均在正常范围内，能够为桥梁结构安全性的准确评估提供坚实的数据支撑，并为铁路桥梁全寿命周期的设计和安全运维提供参考。
Abstract：The frequent occurrence of railway bridge disasters caused by foundation scour has become a significant threat to the safety of wading railway bridge structures. In order to ensure the safe operation of railway bridges, real-time monitoring of bridge foundation scour and structural safety assessment are particularly important. This paper summarizes the application status and development trend of foundation scour monitoring technology and safety assessment method in the field of railway bridge structure safety. It focuses on the application and innovation of dynamic characteristic measurement technology in bridge safety monitoring and safety assessment. The core concepts, key methods, and main characteristics of related technologies are systematically analyzed. On this basis, a bridge safety monitoring scheme based on dynamic characteristic analysis is proposed, and a 30-day continuous monitoring is carried out on a ballastless track high-speed railway simply supported beam bridge project in southwest mountainous area. The implementation results show that the monitored bridge response has obvious changes at the pile cap, and reaches the peak values of 0.0939 m/s2 and 0.1202 m/s2 respectively in the direction of train and water flow. The monitoring data are within the normal range, which can provide solid data support for the accurate evaluation of bridge structure safety, providing reference for the design and safe operation and maintenance of the whole life cycle of railway bridges.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:U446;U442.32
引用信息:
[1]孙峥,张明,殷亚洲,等.铁路桥梁基础冲刷监测技术与安全评估研究[J].四川轻化工大学学报(自然科学版),2026,39(02):117-128.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52478214); 成都局集团公司科技研究开发计划项目(CX23002)
2026-03-12
2026-03-12
2026-03-12